Report on Government Services 2018

Part B, Chapter 3

Early childhood education and care

This chapter reports on the performance of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services, which comprise child care and preschool services.

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Key Facts
Indicator Framework
Indicator Results
Indigenous Data

In 2017, of children aged 0–12 years, 1 261 041 children (or 31.3 per cent) attended Australian Government Child Care Benefit approved child care services, an increase of 3.3 per cent from 2016.

In 2016, of children aged 3–5 years, 514 028 children were enrolled in a preschool program. Of children aged in the state-specific year before full time schooling, 288 369 children (or 92.4 per cent) were enrolled in a preschool program. Of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged in the state-specific year before full time schooling, 90.4 per cent were enrolled in a preschool program.

At 30 June 2017, 73.4 per cent of National Quality Framework approved services with a quality rating were rated as meeting or exceeding the National Quality Standard — up from 70.4 per cent at 30 June 2016.

Total Australian, State and Territory government recurrent and capital expenditure on early childhood education and care services was $9.4 billion in 2016‑17, compared with $9.2 billion in 2015‑16.

Early childhood education and care services aim to meet the education, care and development needs of children, and meet the needs of families including enabling increased workforce participation, by providing universal access to early childhood education services for eligible children and accessible child care services that:

are high quality, affordable, flexible and can be implemented across a range of settings
are delivered in a safe, nurturing and inclusive environment
target improved access for, and participation by, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, vulnerable and disadvantaged children.

Governments aim for ECEC services to meet these objectives in an equitable and efficient manner.

The performance indicator framework provides information on equity, efficiency and effectiveness, and distinguishes the outputs and outcomes of ECEC services. The performance indicator framework shows which data are complete and comparable in the 2018 Report.

Indicator framework

An overview of the Early childhood education and care (ECEC) performance indicator results are presented. Information to assist the interpretation of these data can be found in the indicator interpretation boxes in the ECEC chapter and attachment tables.

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Equity — Access indicators

ECEC Participation by special needs group

Children using child care, by special needs group — Proportion of 0–12 year olds attending Australian Government Child Care Benefit (CCB) approved child care services who are from targeted special needs groups (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, children from low income families, children with disability), compared with the representation of these groups in the community (per cent).

Most recent data for these measures are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in child care 2017	2.8	0.9	3.9	2.4	1.7	5.6	1.4	9.7	2.6
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the community 2016	5.4	1.6	8.0	6.2	4.6	9.8	2.8	41.1	5.5
Children from low income families in child care 2017	21.8	23.8	24.8	19.2	19.9	24.6	7.5	10.6	22.3
Children from low income families in the community 2013-14	17.8	17.6	16.6	11.9	18.5	24.8	6.1	9.0	16.8
Children with disability in child care 2016	4.1	3.0	2.7	2.9	3.8	4.5	2.7	2.8	3.4
Children with disability in the community 2015	7.2	6.6	7.8	5.4	9.6	9.7	6.2	5.5	7.2

Source: Attachment table 3A.12

Preschool program participation, by special needs group — Proportion of children aged 3–5 years enrolled in a preschool program who are from targeted special needs groups (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, children from regional areas, children from remote areas), compared with the representation of these groups in the community, 2016 (per cent).

Most recent data for these measures are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in a preschool program	4.6	1.4	6.0	5.1	5.3	7.2	2.7	29.3	4.5
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the community	5.2	1.6	7.9	5.9	4.5	9.5	2.8	38.4	5.3
Children from regional areas in a preschool program	24.8	21.9	30.9	16.3	20.4	98.6	0.8	61.1	25.6
Children from regional areas in the community	23.8	22.5	34.0	17.0	22.5	98.3	1.7	54.2	26.2
Children from remote areas in a preschool program	0.5	–	2.1	6.1	3.5	1.4	..	38.9	1.9
Children from remote areas in the community	0.6	–	3.3	7.1	3.9	1.7	..	45.8	2.5

Source: Attachment table 3A.13

Preschool program participation, by special needs group — Proportion of children enrolled in a preschool program in the state-specific year before full time schooling who are disadvantaged, compared with the representation of children aged 4–5 years who are disadvantaged in the community, 2016 (per cent)

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
Disadvantaged children in a preschool program	20.4	15.6	16.3	11.9	25.2	31.3	1.5	28.4	17.6
Disadvantaged children in the community	22.1	15.4	17.1	11.5	23.8	31.3	1.4	32.5	18.3

Source: Attachment table 3A.14

Effectiveness — Access indicators

ECEC participation

Children using child care — Proportion of children who are attending Australian Government CCB approved child care services (children aged 0–12 years), 2016

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	33.2	30.9	33.8	22.3	31.5	28.2	42.1	20.5	31.3

Source: Attachment table 3A.15

Preschool program participation — Proportion of children who are enrolled in a preschool program in the state-specific year before full time schooling, 2016

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	84.9	98.4	93.8	96.0	94.2	96.2	98.3	92.5	92.4

Source: Attachment table 3A.18

Parent costs for ECEC services

Child care service costs — Median weekly cost for 50 hours of Australian Government CCB approved long day care (LDC) and family day care (FDC), 2017

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
$ LDC	470	470	400	452	442	414	545	439	443
$ FDC	368	395	410	415	378	458	520	465	388

Source: Attachment table 3A.23

Child care costs as a proportion of weekly disposable income — Proportion of weekly disposable income that families with $75 000 gross annual income spend on one child for 30 hours LDC and FDC, after child subsidies, 2017

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
% LDC	7.6	7.6	5.6	7.3	6.5	5.9	8.9	6.5	6.9
% FDC	5.9	7.6	5.8	6.3	6.2	6.9	8.5	8.0	6.6

Source: Attachment table 3A.24

Preschool service costs — Median hourly cost of a preschool program (after subsidies), per child enrolled aged 4 and 5 years, 2016

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
$	3.95	2.67	2.42	–	–	–	2.14	–	2.61

Source: Attachment table 3A.25

Effectiveness — Appropriateness indicators

Non-standard hours of care in child care services

Proportion of Australian Government CCB approved child care services providing non-standard hours of care, 2017

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	16.0	22.7	53.0	27.9	24.0	14.0	5.0	10.9	26.5

Source: Attachment table 3A.27

Demand for ECEC

Proportion of children aged 0–12 years for whom additional formal child care or preschool was currently required, 2014

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	10.9 ± 1.7	9.5 ± 1.6	8.4 ± 2.0	10.1 ± 2.4	10.5 ± 2.5	11.0 ± 3.6	13.4 ± 3.4	11.8 ± 4.4	10.0 ± 0.8

Source: Attachment table 3A.28

Effectiveness — Quality indicators

Staff quality in ECEC

Most recent data for these measures are comparable and complete, subject to caveats

Proportion of paid primary contact staff employed by CCB approved child care services with a relevant formal qualification at or above Certificate III level, 2016

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	75.0	84.0	72.9	74.2	76.2	81.0	61.7	61.1	76.1

Source: Attachment table 3A.30

Proportion of teachers delivering preschool programs who are at least three-year university trained and early childhood qualified, 2014

Most recent data for this measure are not comparable but are complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	74.1	97.3	88.6	91.6	95.2	100.0	89.1	94.4	88.2

Source: Attachment table 3A.32

National Quality Framework (NQF) quality and compliance

Achievement of National Quality Standard (NQS) — Proportion of NQF approved services with a quality rating, whose overall rating is ‘Meeting NQS’, ‘Exceeding NQS’ or ‘Excellent’, 30 June 2017

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	67.4	83.3	77.9	61.5	69.4	77.5	66.6	59.3	73.4

Source: Attachment table 3A.34

Confirmed breaches — Number of confirmed breaches by NQF approved services per 100 NQF approved services, 2016-17

Most recent data for this measure are not comparable but complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
Rate	71.0	142.3	142.7	92.9	18.1	3.9	14.1	8.5	97.9

Source: Attachment table 3A.36

Serious incidents

Serious incidents — Number of serious incidents that have occurred at NQF approved services, per 100 NQF approved services, 2016-17

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
Rate	99.0	86.3	120.4	94.7	96.4	68.5	148.9	66.8	99.3

Source: Attachment table 3A.37

Efficiency — Inputs per output unit indicators

Government recurrent expenditure per child

Australian Government and State and Territory government recurrent expenditure on ECEC per child aged 0–12 years in the community, 2016-17

Most recent data for this measure are not comparable but are complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
$	2 240	2 204	2 424	2 046	2 773	2 531	2 908	3 142	2 311

Source: Attachment table 3A.38

Australian Government recurrent expenditure per child aged 0–12 years attending CCB approved child care, 2016-17

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
$	5 897	5 893	6 275	5 925	6 508	6 763	5 418	9 262	6 067

Source: Attachment table 3A.39

Outcome indicators

Family work-related needs for child care

Proportion of people aged 15 years or over not in the labour force due to caring for children whose main reason is child care service-related, 2015 (per cent)

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
Cost or too expensive	36.6 ± 9.8	27.0 ± 8.5	38.2 ± 11.6	37.5 ± 9.4	36.3 ± 10.2	27.5 ± 19.8*	np	53.8 ± 29.5*	34.0 ± 4.9
No child care in locality or not at all	np	np	np	–	–	–	–	–	4.1 ± 2.2*
Booked out or no places available	np	6.0 ± 5.6*	–	–	–	–	np	–	3.6 ± 1.8*

Source: Attachment table 3A.40

ECEC outcomes

Proportion of children who have had ECEC experience that are developmentally vulnerable on one or more domains of the AEDC, 2015

Most recent data for this measure are comparable and complete, subject to caveats
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust
%	18.0	18.2	22.7	20.3	22.5	20.2	21.2	34.5	19.9

Source: Attachment table 3A.41

Notes

These data and caveats for these data are available in chapter 3 and attachment 3A.

Some percentages reported in these tables include 95 per cent confidence intervals (for example, 80 per cent ± 2.7 per cent).

* Indicates the estimate or proportion has a relative standard error between 25 per cent and 50 per cent and should therefore be used with caution.

.. Not applicable. – Nil or rounded to zero. np Not published.

Performance indicator data for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in this chapter are available in the attachment tables listed below. Contextual data and further supporting information can be found in the chapter.

Indigenous early childhood education and care data
Table number	Table title
Table 3A.12	Proportion of children attending Australian Government CCB approved child care services who are from special needs groups, compared with their representation in the community (per cent)
Table 3A.13	Proportion of children enrolled in a preschool program aged 3–5 years who are from special needs groups, 2016, compared with their representation in the community
Table 3A.14	Proportion of children enrolled in a preschool program aged in the YBFS who are from special needs groups, 2016, compared with their representation of children in the community
Table 3A.21	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children enrolled in a preschool program aged in the state-specific YBFS, by remoteness, 2016
Table 3A.22	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children enrolled in a preschool program aged in the state-specific YBFS, by weekly hours, 2016